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The Physiological Changes in Pregnancy and their Distribution According to Trimester

Received: 10 October 2014     Accepted: 21 October 2014     Published: 30 October 2014
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Abstract

Aim: In the present study we aimed to investigate specific skin changes of pregnancy with respect to the trimesters. Materials and Methods: Pregnant women either outpatients or inpatients applied to obstetrics and gynecology department, internal medicine department and family medicine department were involved in this study. Results: 400 pregnant women either outpatients or inpatients were involved in this study. 21 pregnant were excluded from the study cause they did not come regularly to follow-ups. Out of 400 pregnant women, 116 (29%) patients were nullipara and 284 (71%) patients were multipara. Patients ages were between 17-49 years and mean age was 25. The most observed physiological skin changes in order were hyperpigmentation in 311 patients (71%), hypertrichosis in 124 patients (31%), hypothricosis in 15 patients (3.7%), hirsutism in 21 patients (5,2%), hair thickening in 76 patients (19%), hair loss in 92 patients (23%), nail lesions in 18 patients (4,5%), stria distensae in 166 patients (41%), palmar erythema in 127 patients (31%), spider angioma in 52 patients (13%), edema in 132 patients (33%), purpura in 3 patients (0.8%),varices in 50 patients (12,5%), hemorrhoid in 60 patients (15%), gingival hyperemia in 90 patients (22,5%), gingivitis in 50 patients (12,5%). Hyperpigmentation were present in 80% of third trimester and 70% of second trimester pregnant and there was a significant difference (p<0, 05). Hair changes (hypertrichosis, hypotrichosis, hirsutism, hair loss and thickening ) were present in 60% of the second trimester women and %70 of the third trimester of women and the difference was significant (p<0,05). Only hair thickening was present in the 30% of the third trimester pregnant which was significantly different (p<0,05). Stria distensae was observed in 55% of the first trimester pregnant and in 45% of the third trimester pregnant which was significantly different (p<0, 05). Conclusion: As a result, many skin changes, physiologic or none, were detected during the pregnancy. We propose that these changes might be related to age, parity and gestational week of pregnant women.

Published in Journal of Gynecology and Obstetrics (Volume 2, Issue 6)
DOI 10.11648/j.jgo.20140206.12
Page(s) 86-90
Creative Commons

This is an Open Access article, distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, provided the original work is properly cited.

Copyright

Copyright © The Author(s), 2014. Published by Science Publishing Group

Keywords

Pregnant, Trimester, Skin Changes, Hirsutism, Hyperpigmentation, Hypertrichosis

References
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  • APA Style

    Ayse Neslin Akkoca, Zeynep Tugba Ozdemir, Raziye Kurt, Bilge Bulbul Sen, Erhan Yengil, et al. (2014). The Physiological Changes in Pregnancy and their Distribution According to Trimester. Journal of Gynecology and Obstetrics, 2(6), 86-90. https://doi.org/10.11648/j.jgo.20140206.12

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    ACS Style

    Ayse Neslin Akkoca; Zeynep Tugba Ozdemir; Raziye Kurt; Bilge Bulbul Sen; Erhan Yengil, et al. The Physiological Changes in Pregnancy and their Distribution According to Trimester. J. Gynecol. Obstet. 2014, 2(6), 86-90. doi: 10.11648/j.jgo.20140206.12

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    AMA Style

    Ayse Neslin Akkoca, Zeynep Tugba Ozdemir, Raziye Kurt, Bilge Bulbul Sen, Erhan Yengil, et al. The Physiological Changes in Pregnancy and their Distribution According to Trimester. J Gynecol Obstet. 2014;2(6):86-90. doi: 10.11648/j.jgo.20140206.12

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  • @article{10.11648/j.jgo.20140206.12,
      author = {Ayse Neslin Akkoca and Zeynep Tugba Ozdemir and Raziye Kurt and Bilge Bulbul Sen and Erhan Yengil and Celalettin Karatepe and Oya Soylu Karapınar and Cahit Ozer},
      title = {The Physiological Changes in Pregnancy and their Distribution According to Trimester},
      journal = {Journal of Gynecology and Obstetrics},
      volume = {2},
      number = {6},
      pages = {86-90},
      doi = {10.11648/j.jgo.20140206.12},
      url = {https://doi.org/10.11648/j.jgo.20140206.12},
      eprint = {https://article.sciencepublishinggroup.com/pdf/10.11648.j.jgo.20140206.12},
      abstract = {Aim: In the present study we aimed to investigate specific skin changes of pregnancy with respect to the trimesters. Materials and Methods: Pregnant women either outpatients or inpatients applied to obstetrics and gynecology department, internal medicine department and family medicine department were involved in this study. Results: 400 pregnant women either outpatients or inpatients were involved in this study. 21 pregnant were excluded from the study cause they did not come regularly to follow-ups. Out of 400 pregnant women, 116 (29%) patients were nullipara and 284 (71%) patients were multipara. Patients ages were between 17-49 years and mean age was 25. The most observed physiological skin changes in order were hyperpigmentation in 311 patients (71%), hypertrichosis in 124 patients (31%), hypothricosis in 15 patients (3.7%), hirsutism in 21 patients (5,2%), hair thickening in 76 patients (19%), hair loss in 92 patients (23%), nail lesions in 18 patients (4,5%), stria distensae in 166 patients (41%), palmar erythema in 127 patients (31%), spider angioma in 52 patients (13%), edema in 132 patients (33%), purpura in 3 patients (0.8%),varices in 50 patients (12,5%), hemorrhoid in 60 patients (15%), gingival hyperemia in 90 patients (22,5%), gingivitis in 50 patients (12,5%). Hyperpigmentation were present in 80% of third trimester and 70% of second trimester pregnant and there was a significant difference (p<0, 05). Hair changes (hypertrichosis, hypotrichosis, hirsutism, hair loss and thickening ) were present in 60% of the second trimester women and %70 of the third trimester of women and the difference was significant (p<0,05). Only hair thickening was present in the 30% of the third trimester pregnant which was significantly different (p<0,05). Stria distensae was observed in 55% of the first trimester pregnant and in 45% of the third trimester pregnant which was significantly different (p<0, 05). Conclusion: As a result, many skin changes, physiologic or none, were detected during the pregnancy. We propose that these changes might be related to age, parity and gestational week of pregnant women.},
     year = {2014}
    }
    

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  • TY  - JOUR
    T1  - The Physiological Changes in Pregnancy and their Distribution According to Trimester
    AU  - Ayse Neslin Akkoca
    AU  - Zeynep Tugba Ozdemir
    AU  - Raziye Kurt
    AU  - Bilge Bulbul Sen
    AU  - Erhan Yengil
    AU  - Celalettin Karatepe
    AU  - Oya Soylu Karapınar
    AU  - Cahit Ozer
    Y1  - 2014/10/30
    PY  - 2014
    N1  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.jgo.20140206.12
    DO  - 10.11648/j.jgo.20140206.12
    T2  - Journal of Gynecology and Obstetrics
    JF  - Journal of Gynecology and Obstetrics
    JO  - Journal of Gynecology and Obstetrics
    SP  - 86
    EP  - 90
    PB  - Science Publishing Group
    SN  - 2376-7820
    UR  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.jgo.20140206.12
    AB  - Aim: In the present study we aimed to investigate specific skin changes of pregnancy with respect to the trimesters. Materials and Methods: Pregnant women either outpatients or inpatients applied to obstetrics and gynecology department, internal medicine department and family medicine department were involved in this study. Results: 400 pregnant women either outpatients or inpatients were involved in this study. 21 pregnant were excluded from the study cause they did not come regularly to follow-ups. Out of 400 pregnant women, 116 (29%) patients were nullipara and 284 (71%) patients were multipara. Patients ages were between 17-49 years and mean age was 25. The most observed physiological skin changes in order were hyperpigmentation in 311 patients (71%), hypertrichosis in 124 patients (31%), hypothricosis in 15 patients (3.7%), hirsutism in 21 patients (5,2%), hair thickening in 76 patients (19%), hair loss in 92 patients (23%), nail lesions in 18 patients (4,5%), stria distensae in 166 patients (41%), palmar erythema in 127 patients (31%), spider angioma in 52 patients (13%), edema in 132 patients (33%), purpura in 3 patients (0.8%),varices in 50 patients (12,5%), hemorrhoid in 60 patients (15%), gingival hyperemia in 90 patients (22,5%), gingivitis in 50 patients (12,5%). Hyperpigmentation were present in 80% of third trimester and 70% of second trimester pregnant and there was a significant difference (p<0, 05). Hair changes (hypertrichosis, hypotrichosis, hirsutism, hair loss and thickening ) were present in 60% of the second trimester women and %70 of the third trimester of women and the difference was significant (p<0,05). Only hair thickening was present in the 30% of the third trimester pregnant which was significantly different (p<0,05). Stria distensae was observed in 55% of the first trimester pregnant and in 45% of the third trimester pregnant which was significantly different (p<0, 05). Conclusion: As a result, many skin changes, physiologic or none, were detected during the pregnancy. We propose that these changes might be related to age, parity and gestational week of pregnant women.
    VL  - 2
    IS  - 6
    ER  - 

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Author Information
  • Mustafa Kemal University Faculty of Medicine and Research Hospital, Department of Family Medicine, Hatay, Turkey

  • Bozok University Faculty of Medicine and Research Hospital, Department of Internal Medicine, Yozgat, Turkey

  • Mustafa Kemal University Faculty of Medicine and Research Hospital, Department of Gynecology, Hatay, Turkey

  • Mustafa Kemal University Faculty of Medicine and Research Hospital, Department of Family Medicine, Hatay, Turkey

  • Mustafa Kemal University Faculty of Medicine and Research Hospital, Department of Family Medicine, Hatay, Turkey

  • Mustafa Kemal University Faculty of Medicine and Research Hospital, Department of Cardiovascular Surgery , Hatay, Turkey

  • Mustafa Kemal University Faculty of Medicine and Research Hospital, Department of Family Medicine, Hatay, Turkey

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